Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
13:13

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

11.0K

Viral dynamics of an HIV stochastic model with cell-to-cell infection, CTL immune response and distributed delays

Yan Wang1, Ting Ting Zhao2, Jun Liu1

  • 1College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P.R. China.

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE
|November 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Stochastic modeling of HIV infection reveals noise can influence viral dynamics. High noise intensity may lead to virus extinction, while low noise can sustain virions and immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Mathematical Biology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • HIV infection involves both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmission.
  • CTL immune response is crucial in controlling HIV replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze a stochastic HIV infection model with distributed delays.
  • To investigate the impact of noise intensity on viral dynamics and immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic integro-delay differential equations were transformed into degenerate stochastic differential equations.
  • Lyapunov functions were used to establish the existence of a stationary Markov process.
  • Numerical simulations explored the effects of noise intensity and delays.

Main Results:

  • The model solution was proven to be unique, positive, and global.
  • A stationary Markov process exists when a critical condition is met.
  • Small noise sustained virions and CTL response; large noise promoted virus extinction.

Conclusions:

  • Stochastic fluctuations can significantly impact HIV model dynamics, potentially more than delays.
  • Noise intensity is a critical factor in determining viral persistence or extinction.
  • The findings offer insights into managing HIV infection through understanding stochastic effects.

Keywords:
HIV infection modelcell-to-cell infectiondelayextinctionstationary Markov processstochastic differential equation

More Related Videos

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies07:10

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Published on: January 7, 2019

16.2K
A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

16.1K

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.1K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
598
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.6K
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.8K