Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies
07:10

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Published on: January 7, 2019

16.1K

Sex Differences in CMV Replication and HIV Persistence During Suppressive ART

Sara Gianella1, Sarah McDonald Tran1, Sheldon Morris1

  • 1University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|August 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This study found that women with HIV had lower levels of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA and certain HIV RNA transcripts compared to men. Postmenopausal status was linked to higher HIV DNA in women.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Subclinical cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication's link to HIV persistence is understudied in cis-gender women.
  • Understanding co-infections in women living with HIV is crucial for managing viral persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between subclinical CMV replication and HIV persistence in cis-gender women with HIV.
  • To compare CMV DNA and HIV RNA levels between women and men living with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 50 virologically suppressed women with HIV.
  • Quantification of CMV DNA and HIV DNA/RNA in oral, vaginal, urine, and blood samples using real-time and droplet digital PCR.
  • Comparison with historical data from 49 men with HIV and CMV.

Main Results:

  • Women with HIV showed lower detectable multiply-spliced HIV RNA and CMV DNA compared to men.
  • CMV DNA presence was not associated with increased HIV DNA in women, unlike in men.
  • Premenopausal status in women was independently associated with lower HIV DNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Women with HIV exhibited reduced cellular HIV RNA and less subclinical CMV DNA than men, with similar overall HIV DNA.
  • Postmenopausal status emerged as an independent predictor of higher HIV DNA levels among women with HIV.
Abstract

Keywords:
CMVHIVsex differences

More Related Videos

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

16.0K
Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

10.4K

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.9K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
514