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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

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Urinary Cellular Profile as a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis

Abeer Ali Abdelati1, Nouran Y Eshak1, Hanaa M Donia2

  • 1From the Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit.

Journal of Clinical Rheumatology : Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases
|September 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Urinary CD14+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells are sensitive biomarkers for lupus nephritis (LN). Elevated counts and a low CD4:CD8 ratio indicate LN, with CD14+ cell levels potentially distinguishing LN classes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Lupus nephritis (LN) lacks ideal biomarkers for early detection and disease correlation.
  • Urinary leukocytes, including macrophages and T lymphocytes, are present in LN patients, suggesting their potential as biomarkers.
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients' urinary CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes were investigated as potential LN biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate urinary CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes as biomarkers for lupus nephritis (LN).
  • To assess the correlation of these urinary cells with LN class and activity, specifically proteinuria.
  • To determine if urinary CD14+ cell counts can differentiate between proliferative LN classes.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal case-control study involving 30 SLE patients with LN, 30 SLE patients without LN, and 20 healthy controls.
  • Flow cytometry was employed to quantify urinary CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes.
  • BD FACS Calibur and BD CellQuest Pro software were used for multiparameter flow cytometric analysis and data processing.

Main Results:

  • Urinary CD14+ cells were the most abundant leukocytes in LN patients.
  • Significantly higher mean counts of urinary CD8+, CD4+, and CD14+ cells/mL were observed in LN patients compared to non-LN patients.
  • Urinary cell counts showed a significant correlation with proteinuria, and CD14+ cell counts were higher in class IV than class III LN.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary CD8+, CD4+, and CD14+ cells demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for detecting proliferative LN.
  • A decreased CD4:CD8 ratio in urine serves as an additional indicator for LN.
  • Urinary CD14+ cell counts show promise as a biomarker for differentiating between proliferative LN classes.
Abstract

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