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Case Report: B Lymphocyte Disorders Under COVID-19 Inflammatory Pressure

Gloria Taliani1,2,3, Elena Follini4, Lorenzo Guglielmetti1,5,6

  • 1Infectious Diseases Unit, "Guglielmo da Saliceto" Piacenza Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.

Frontiers in Oncology
|February 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may trigger autoimmune hemolytic anemia and B-cell malignancies in susceptible individuals. COVID-19 patients require monitoring for potential B-cell lineage disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor for cellular entry, which is present on lymphocytes.
  • Elevated Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and hyperactivated plasmacytoid lymphocytes are observed in COVID-19 patients.

Observation:

  • This study reports on four patients who developed or experienced reactivation of B-cell lineage disorders during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Two patients presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and two developed B-cell hematological malignancies.

Findings:

  • A potential causal link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the onset or exacerbation of these hematopoietic disorders is suggested by the temporal association.
  • The unpredictable interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the B-cell lineage may initiate uncontrolled events leading to pathological conditions.

Implications:

  • COVID-19 patients with pre-existing or underlying B-cell lineage disorders warrant heightened clinical vigilance.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to B-cell related hematological conditions.

Keywords:
B-cell lineage malignanciesCOVID-19acute lymphoblastic leukemiaautoimmune hemolytic anemiamultiple myelomareactivation

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