LILRB1: A Novel Diagnostic B-Cell Marker to Distinguish Neoplastic B Lymphoblasts From Hematogones
Silvia Saumell Tutusaus1,2, Elaina Pirruccello1, Franklin Fuda1
1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Insights
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1) is a novel marker for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). LILRB1 expression patterns can help distinguish cancerous B lymphoblasts from normal hematogones in bone marrow.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- New B-cell markers are crucial for monitoring B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), especially with emerging CD19 and CD22 immunotherapies.
- Systematic investigation of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1) expression on bone marrow hematogones and neoplastic B lymphoblasts is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression pattern of LILRB1 on normal B cells (hematogones) and neoplastic B lymphoblasts in B-ALL.
- To evaluate LILRB1 as a potential diagnostic marker for distinguishing between neoplastic B lymphoblasts and hematogones.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to assess LILRB1 expression on B cells.
- Analyzed 19 control bone marrow samples and 22 B-ALL cases.
Main Results:
- Mature B cells and hematogones showed consistent LILRB1 expression with variable intensity across maturation stages, including a characteristic V-shape on hematogones.
- Neoplastic B lymphoblasts uniformly expressed LILRB1, but with abnormal patterns compared to hematogones (loss of dynamic pattern in all cases, abnormal levels in 83%).
Conclusions:
- LILRB1 serves as a novel diagnostic marker for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- LILRB1 expression analysis aids in differentiating neoplastic B lymphoblasts from normal hematogones in bone marrow.
Objectives:
New B-cell markers are needed for monitoring B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in the era of immunotherapies directed against CD19 and CD22. The expression of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1) on hematogones in bone marrow (BM) and neoplastic B lymphoblasts has not yet been systematically investigated.
Methods:
We assessed LILRB1 expression pattern on B cells in 19 control BMs and 22 B-ALL cases by flow cytometry.
Results:
In all cases, mature B cells and hematogones exhibited a consistent pattern of LILRB1 expression with variable intensity over different stages of maturation, including a characteristic V-shaped pattern on hematogones. While neoplastic B lymphoblasts in all cases expressed LILRB1, the pattern of expression was distinctly abnormal relative to hematogones (loss of the dynamic pattern in all cases and abnormal expression levels in 83% of cases).
Conclusions:
LILRB1 is a novel diagnostic B-cell marker to aid in distinguishing neoplastic B lymphoblasts from hematogones.
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