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CD58 Immunobiology at a Glance
Yalu Zhang1, Qiaofei Liu1, Sen Yang1
1Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Insights
The glycoprotein CD58 (also known as lymphocyte-function antigen 3) plays a key role in T/NK cell activation. Soluble CD58 acts as an immunosuppressive factor, making it a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- CD58, or lymphocyte-function antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a costimulatory receptor on human tissue cells.
- CD2, its ligand, is found on T/NK cells, mediating crucial interactions within the immunological synapse.
- The CD2-CD58 interaction is vital for T/NK cell activation, proliferation, and intercellular signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of CD58 immunobiology.
- To highlight the role of CD58 in various immune responses and diseases.
- To explore the potential of soluble CD58 (sCD58) as an immunotherapeutic target.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on CD58 and its interactions.
- Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying CD2-CD58 engagement.
- Investigation of the role of sCD58 in immune modulation and disease pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- CD58 is essential for T/NK cell activation, adhesion, and recognition.
- Soluble CD58 (sCD58) functions as an immunosuppressive factor, impacting T/NK cell responses.
- Altered sCD58 levels in the tumor microenvironment can lead to T/NK cell immunosuppression.
Conclusions:
- CD58 is a critical regulator of immune responses, including antiviral and autoimmune processes.
- The CD2-CD58 pathway is implicated in transplant rejection and tumor immune evasion.
- sCD58 represents a promising novel target for immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly in oncology.
Abstract:
The glycoprotein CD58, also known as lymphocyte-function antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a costimulatory receptor distributed on a broad range of human tissue cells. Its natural ligand CD2 is primarily expressed on the surface of T/NK cells. The CD2-CD58 interaction is an important component of the immunological synapse (IS) that induces activation and proliferation of T/NK cells and triggers a series of intracellular signaling in T/NK cells and target cells, respectively, in addition to promoting cell adhesion and recognition. Furthermore, a soluble form of CD58 (sCD58) is also present in cellular supernatant in vitro and in local tissues in vivo. The sCD58 is involved in T/NK cell-mediated immune responses as an immunosuppressive factor by affecting CD2-CD58 interaction. Altered accumulation of sCD58 may lead to immunosuppression of T/NK cells in the tumor microenvironment, allowing sCD58 as a novel immunotherapeutic target. Recently, the crucial roles of costimulatory molecule CD58 in immunomodulation seem to be reattracting the interests of investigators. In particular, the CD2-CD58 interaction is involved in the regulation of antiviral responses, inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases, immune rejection of transplantation, and immune evasion of tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of CD58 immunobiology.
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