Immunophenotype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in minorities- analysis from the SEER database
Elisa Quiroz1, Aparajit Ram Venkateswaran1, Rebecca Nelson2
1Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, USA.
Insights
Latinos have a higher incidence of B-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-ALL) compared to other ethnic groups. Black patients exhibit the lowest B-ALL rates but the highest T-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (T-ALL) rates.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
Background:
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) incidence varies among ethnic groups, with higher rates and poorer prognosis observed in Latino populations.
- Existing research often fails to differentiate between B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) in Latino patients.
- Understanding subtype-specific incidence is crucial for addressing ethnic disparities in ALL.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the incidence rates of B-ALL and T-ALL across different racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
- To analyze epidemiological variations in ALL subtypes using a large national database.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER-18) database for data from 2002 to 2017.
- Calculated age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person-years for Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Latinos, Blacks, and Asian-Pacific Islanders (APIs).
- Focused on B-ALL and T-ALL subtypes, accounting for changes in diagnostic coding and cytogenetics.
Main Results:
- The incidence rate of B-ALL was consistently higher in the Latino population compared to other groups, increasing from 1.0 to 2.5 per 100,000 between 2002 and 2017.
- Black patients showed the lowest age-adjusted incidence rate of B-ALL.
- Black patients had the highest age-adjusted incidence rate of T-ALL, recorded at 0.5 per 100,000.
Conclusions:
- Significant ethnic disparities exist in the incidence of B-ALL and T-ALL within the United States.
- Latinos exhibit a disproportionately high incidence of B-ALL, highlighting a critical area for targeted research and intervention.
- Further investigation into the underlying causes of these ethnic variations in ALL subtypes is warranted.
Abstract:
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy that originates from immature lymphoid cells and is clinically established with flow cytometry through disease-specific markers. Variation between ethnic groups is an epidemiological aspect of ALL. Higher incidence rates have been observed in Latin American patients and ALL in Latinos carries a dismal prognosis. The cell of origin in ALL is derived from immature cells of either the B or T lineage. Most reported data among Latinos either exclusively looks at B cell precursor ALL or do not distinguish between subtypes. We used the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to delineate the differences in incidence rates of B-ALL and T-ALL across ethnic groups in the United States. Data from SEER-18 was used to compare incidence rates of T-ALL and B-ALL. Due to the utilization of cytogenetics and subsequent changes in ICD coding over the years examined the most recent data reported from 2002 to 2017. We compared rates in Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Latinos, Blacks and Asian-Pacific Islanders (API). Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were calculated. The incidence rate of B-ALL in the Latino population was consistently higher than other race/ethnicities throughout the years, ranging from 1.0 per 100,000 in 2002 to 2.5 per 100,000 in 2017. Blacks had the lowest age adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of B-ALL overall, with rates approximately one third of those found in Latinos and the highest AAIR of T-ALL with an AAIR of 0.5 per 100,000.
More Related Videos
09:01Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
Published on: March 26, 2018
09:02Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
Published on: November 26, 2018
