Interferon-γ detection in point of care diagnostics: Short review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Immunology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a crucial cytokine produced by immune cells.
• Elevated IFN-γ levels serve as early biomarkers for diseases including tuberculosis and autoimmune disorders.
• Accurate and sensitive detection of IFN-γ is vital for early disease diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize various sensing strategies for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) detection.
• To discuss the application of biorecognition molecules like antibodies and aptamers in IFN-γ sensing platforms.
• To compare different surface functionalization techniques employed in biosensor development.

Main Methods:

• Exploration of sensing principles including optical, electrochemical, and mechanical methods.
• Detailed examination of biorecognition elements (antibodies, aptamers) for specific IFN-γ binding.
• Analysis of surface modification strategies to enhance sensor performance and stability.

Main Results:

• Various biosensing approaches offer sensitive and specific detection of IFN-γ.
• Antibodies and aptamers provide effective biorecognition for IFN-γ targets.
• Surface functionalization significantly impacts sensor efficiency and reliability.

Conclusions:

• Biosensors based on optical, electrochemical, and mechanical principles are effective for IFN-γ detection.
• The reviewed sensing strategies can be adapted for detecting other disease biomarkers.
• Advancements in biosensor technology hold promise for improved diagnostics.