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Biological Features of CD5+ CD19+ B1 Cell and Natural IgM (VH4-34) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia vs. Multiple

Shaghayegh Pezeshki1, Mir Hadi Jazayeri2, Bahram Chahardouli3

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. shaghayegh.pezeshki@yahoo.com.

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
|January 14, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) involves increased CD5+ B cells, while multiple sclerosis (MS) shows a decrease. Researchers propose using natural antibodies from CLL patients to treat MS.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of mature CD5+ B cells, often referred to as B1-CLL.
  • B1 cells possess anti-inflammatory properties, including natural IgM (nIgM) production and modulation of cytokines like TGFβ, crucial for tissue homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate B cell immunophenotypes and natural IgM (nIgM) levels in patients with CLL and multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to healthy controls.
  • To explore a novel therapeutic strategy for MS by leveraging the unique antibody profile of CLL patients.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was employed to immunophenotype B cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood from CLL, MS, and control groups.
  • Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the VH4-34 gene copy number, a marker associated with natural IgM production.

Main Results:

  • CLL patients exhibited significantly higher proportions of CD5+ B lymphocytes compared to controls.
  • MS patients showed a significantly lower proportion of CD5+ B cells than controls.
  • CLL patients had significantly elevated VH4-34 gene copy numbers, whereas MS patients had significantly reduced levels compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct B cell profiles and natural antibody levels in CLL and MS suggest a potential therapeutic avenue.
  • A novel treatment approach for MS is proposed, involving the extraction and administration of natural antibodies from CLL patients' sera.

Keywords:
CD5 CD19 B cellsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaMultiple sclerosisNatural IgMVH4-34 gene

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