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Beyond an inflammatory mediator: Interleukin-1 in neurophysiology

Tatiane S Lima1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA.

Experimental Physiology
|April 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) traditionally linked to inflammation, is now understood to be crucial for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. This review explores IL-1β

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family, discovered in the 1940s, is primarily known for its roles in inflammation and immunity.
  • Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator, inducing inflammatory gene transcription and produced by various immune and non-immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging physiological functions of IL-1β within the central nervous system (CNS).
  • To highlight recent findings on IL-1β's role in maintaining CNS homeostasis, beyond its inflammatory functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific findings.
  • Analysis of studies investigating IL-1β signaling pathways in the CNS.

Main Results:

  • IL-1β signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the CNS.
  • IL-1β influences neuronal survival, neurite growth, synaptic pruning, synaptic transmission, and neuroplasticity.
  • IL-1β also plays a role in neuroendocrine functions.

Conclusions:

  • IL-1β has a significant physiological role in the CNS, extending beyond inflammation.
  • Understanding IL-1β's homeostatic functions in the CNS opens new avenues for research and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
central nervous systemcytokineinflammationinterleukin-1βneurophysiology

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