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Antigen-specific cytokine profiles for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease stage diagnosis

Yoshiro Yamashita1,2, Ikkoh Yasuda1,3, Takeshi Tanaka4

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosing pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease stages is challenging. This study reveals distinct cytokine profiles in CD4+T and CD19+B cells that can help identify clinical stages of MAC.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease diagnosis is hindered by the inability to accurately determine clinical staging.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack effective biomarkers for assessing disease progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize cytokine profiles of CD4+T and CD19+B cells recognizing Mycobacterium avium antigens across different clinical stages of MAC.
  • To explore the potential of cell-mediated immunity as a diagnostic tool for MAC staging.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 47 MAC patients (before-, on-, and after-treatment) and 17 healthy controls.
  • Cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells with specific Mycobacterium avium antigens.
  • Analyzed cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17) of CD4+ and CD19+ cells via flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) were significantly elevated in on- and after-treatment groups compared to before-treatment and controls.
  • IL-2 presence correlated with post-treatment stages, suggesting a role in memory function.
  • Non-Th1 cytokines (IL-10, IL-17) showed higher responses in the before-treatment group.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct cytokine profiles characterize each clinical stage of pulmonary MAC.
  • Cytokine analysis of CD4+T and CD19+B cells offers potential for staging MAC patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
CD19+B cellsCD4+T cellsMycobacterium avium complex diseaseMycobacterium avium-associated antigenscell-mediated immunityclinical stagecytokine profile

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