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Central Diabetes Insipidus in a Patient With Lymphoma: A Case Report

Epameinondas Koumpis1, Lydia Kyriazopoulou1, Stelios Tigas2

  • 1Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC.

Cureus
|August 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) can occur in lymphoma patients. Treatment with desmopressin requires careful monitoring for hyponatremia, and dosage adjustments may be needed as CDI can be reversible.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma infiltrating the CNS are potential causes of central diabetes insipidus (CDI).
  • CDI is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, symptoms that should prompt clinical suspicion in affected patients.

Observation:

  • Patients with lymphoma infiltrating the CNS may develop CDI, presenting with excessive thirst and urination.
  • Desmopressin is an effective treatment for CDI.

Findings:

  • Desmopressin therapy for CDI necessitates vigilant monitoring of serum sodium levels, fluid balance, urine output, and body weight to detect and manage potential hyponatremia.
  • CDI associated with lymphoma can be reversible, indicating a dynamic relationship between the malignancy and endocrine function.

Implications:

  • Prompt recognition of hyponatremia as a side effect of desmopressin is crucial for patient safety.
  • Adaptation of desmopressin dosage during and after lymphoma treatment is essential to account for potential reversibility of CDI.
  • This highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care involving oncologists, endocrinologists, and neurologists for managing lymphoma-associated CDI.

Keywords:
central diabetes insipidusdlbclhypernatremialymphomaneurolymphomatosis

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