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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

The Isolation and Characterization of Low- and Normal- Density Neutrophils from Whole Blood
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The Isolation and Characterization of Low- and Normal- Density Neutrophils from Whole Blood

Published on: February 7, 2025

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Phenotype and oxidative burst of low-density neutrophil subpopulations are altered in common variable

Peter Slanina1,2, Julie Stichova1,2, Veronika Bosakova3,4

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry
|November 24, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) patients show increased low-density neutrophils (LDNs). Mature LDNs in CVID patients have reduced oxidative burst capacity, potentially increasing infection risk.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency.
  • CVID patients often have chronic granulocyte activation, including increased low-density neutrophils (LDNs).
  • Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is standard treatment for CVID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate LDN percentages and surface marker expression in CVID patients.
  • To assess the functional capacity (oxidative burst) of LDNs in CVID.
  • To explore the impact of in vitro IVIg stimulation on LDNs.

Main Methods:

  • Whole blood from 25 CVID patients and 27 healthy donors (HD) was stimulated with IVIg.
  • LDN populations were quantified and characterized by CD10 and CD16 expression (mLDNs vs. iLDNs).
  • Oxidative burst capacity of LDNs was measured using a functional assay.

Main Results:

  • CVID patients exhibited higher relative and absolute LDN counts, with a greater proportion of mature LDNs (mLDNs).
  • Both CVID and HD groups showed reduced oxidative burst capacity in immature LDNs (iLDNs) compared to mLDNs.
  • Mature LDNs in CVID patients displayed reduced oxidative burst capacity, lower CD10 expression post-stimulation, and higher PD-L1 expression compared to HD.

Conclusions:

  • LDN functional characteristics are linked to their developmental stage.
  • Reduced oxidative burst capacity in mature LDNs of CVID patients may contribute to susceptibility to bacterial infections.
  • Further research into LDN function in CVID is warranted.

Keywords:
common variable immunodeficiencyintravenous immunoglobulinslow‐density neutrophilsoxidative burstsuppression

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