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Multi-Tissue Controls and Multiplex Immunocytochemistry in Pulmonary Cytology
Antti Vuorisalo1,2, Teppo Haapaniemi2,3, Ivana Kholová1,2
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Insights
Multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) allows simultaneous detection of multiple markers on single tissue sections, overcoming limitations of traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) for small samples. This advanced technique improves diagnostic accuracy for lung cancer and personalized medicine.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Diagnostics
- Pathology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- The 2021 WHO lung cancer classification emphasizes immunohistochemistry (IHC).
- Traditional IHC is limited to one marker per section, posing challenges for small cytological samples.
- Multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) enables simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single section.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a comprehensive methodology for automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining.
- To detail protocols for multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) and multi-tissue hybrid controls.
- To optimize markers for diagnostic workup and immunotherapy assessment.
Main Methods:
- Development of an automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining protocol.
- Implementation of multi-tissue hybrid controls for quality assurance in ICC/mICC.
- Detailed presentation of optimization strategies for various diagnostic markers.
Main Results:
- Established a robust mICC methodology for simultaneous marker detection.
- Demonstrated the utility of multi-tissue controls for quality assurance.
- Provided optimized protocols for diagnostic applications, including immunotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Multiplex IHC/ICC is a transformative technology for diagnostics and research.
- It enhances understanding of tissue complexity, co-localization, and cellular populations.
- The presented automated method and controls advance precision in pulmonary carcinoma diagnosis and personalized treatment.
Introduction:
The World Health Organization 2021 lung cancer classification highlights the central role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnostic pathology. Despite traditional IHC being essential, its limitation to one marker per tissue section brings challenges, particularly when facing cytological limitedly sized samples. To overcome these challenges, multiplex immunocytochemistry (mICC) techniques offer the simultaneous detection of multiple markers from a single section. These advances complement the highly complex imaging techniques that enable additional analyses of cellular interactions.
Methods:
The present study outlines a comprehensive mICC methodology of an automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining method and multiple tissue hybrid controls for ICC/mICC. Protocols are presented in detail and demonstrate a careful approach to optimizing various markers for diagnostic workup including immunotherapy.
Conclusion:
Multiplex IHC/ICC emerges as a transformative force in biomedical diagnostics and research. Beyond simultaneous marker detection, it unravels complexities within tissues - unveiling co-localization nuances, deciphering expression patterns, and enhancing understanding of cellular populations. As personalized treatments gain prominence, the study emphasizes the heightened importance of diagnostic tools and sample adequacy. The present methodological study, encapsulating an automated multiplex immunoperoxidase staining method, symbolizes a stride towards precision in pulmonary carcinoma diagnosis. Multi-tissue controls represent a key element in quality assurance in pathology laboratories.
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