Protocol for studying the immune microenvironment of human hepatocellular carcinoma by Cell DIVE multiplex

Margaux Delaporte1, Maelle Guillout2, Pascale Bellaud2

  • 1University Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, 9 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.

STAR Protocols
|July 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study introduces a multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) protocol for analyzing tumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma. This method allows detailed immunophenotyping of cells within a single tissue section for better cancer insights.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tumor heterogeneity is crucial for understanding cancer biology and improving treatments.
  • Analyzing cellular organization within tissues provides insights into cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a protocol for multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) for analyzing hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To enable detailed immunophenotyping of cells on a single human tumor section.

Main Methods:

  • Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) technique.
  • Antibody labeling and mIF image acquisition using Cell DIVE.
  • Preliminary data analysis using QuPath software.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a protocol for mIF in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Enabled detection of multiple protein markers on a single tissue section.
  • Facilitated immunophenotyping for studying tumor heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The mIF protocol is effective for detailed analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • This technique aids in understanding tumor heterogeneity and cellular organization.
  • The protocol supports improved therapeutic strategies through enhanced cancer insights.

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