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Diagnostically Challenging Case: Coexistence of Two Zoonoses

Melike Törüyenler-Coşkunpınar1, İrem Akdemir1, Seher Yüksel2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.

Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology
|July 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This case report details a coinfection of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and brucellosis in a male patient. The challenging diagnosis highlights the importance of considering coexisting infections presenting with similar symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Clinical Case Study

Background:

  • Brucellosis and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are endemic infectious diseases.
  • Coinfection presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical manifestations.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A male patient presented with fever, cytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly.
  • Initial brucellosis testing was positive, but the patient did not respond to treatment.
  • Subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed Leishmania amastigotes, and PCR confirmed VL.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with a coinfection of visceral leishmaniasis and brucellosis.
  • The presentation included B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss) and cytopenia.
  • The diagnostic process was complicated by the overlapping symptoms of both diseases.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering coinfections in endemic areas.
  • Diagnostic algorithms should account for atypical presentations of common diseases.
  • Early identification of coexisting visceral leishmaniasis and brucellosis is vital for effective management.

Keywords:
brucellosiscoinfectionVisceral leishmaniasis

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