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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

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Brain Volume Alterations and Cognitive Functions in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Evaluating the

Filiz Sadi Aykan1, Duygu Akın Saygın2, Fatih Çölkesen3

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Health Sciences University Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, 06010 Ankara, Türkiye.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 28, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is linked to brain structure changes and cognitive decline. This study found reduced brain volumes and lower cognitive scores in CVID patients, suggesting neurodegeneration.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) involves antibody production defects and immune dysregulation, leading to infections and autoimmunity.
  • While CVID's CNS effects are recognized, integrated studies on brain imaging and neurocognition are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain structural differences and cognitive function in CVID patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To correlate neuroimaging findings with cognitive performance in CVID.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of 35 CVID patients and 40 controls.
  • Cognitive assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
  • Automated brain MRI volumetric analysis using volBrain for quantitative measurements.

Main Results:

  • CVID patients exhibited significantly lower MoCA scores.
  • Reduced brain volumes observed in CVID patients, including gray matter, cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, and basal ganglia.
  • Increased cerebrospinal fluid and lateral ventricle volumes were noted in CVID patients.

Conclusions:

  • CVID is associated with significant structural brain changes and cognitive impairments.
  • Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation may drive neurodegenerative processes in CVID.
  • Neurocognitive monitoring and prospective research are recommended for CVID management.

Keywords:
autoimmunitybasal gangliabrain volumescerebellumcerebrumcognitive functionscommon variable immunodeficiencyneuroinflammation

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