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Interleukin-24 in type 2 immune diseases
Xiaoting Song1, Dong Lan2, Fang Liu1
1Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Insights
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) plays a role in type 2 immune diseases. This review summarizes IL-24
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a cytokine from the IL-20 family, produced by various immune and non-immune cells.
- IL-24 signaling influences cell growth, fate, death, and inflammation, with context-dependent effects in disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in IL-24 characterization.
- To explore the pathogenic roles of IL-24 in type 2 immune diseases.
- To highlight IL-24's potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on IL-24.
- Analysis of IL-24's function in various disease contexts.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on IL-24's involvement in type 2 immunity.
Main Results:
- IL-24 is implicated in the pathogenesis of several type 2 immune diseases.
- Specific roles of IL-24 vary depending on the disease and cellular context.
- Emerging evidence links IL-24 to chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and allergic airway diseases.
Conclusions:
- IL-24 is a significant factor in type 2 immune disease development.
- Further research into IL-24 pathways could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
- IL-24 may serve as a valuable biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.
Abstract:
Interleukin (IL)-24, a member of the IL-20 cytokine family, is secreted by multiple cell types, such as immune cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages), and non-immune cells (epithelial cells and fibroblasts). IL-24 and its downstream signaling pathways mediate vital biological processes, including processes governing cell growth, fate determination, cell death, and inflammation, albeit with effects that are context-dependent across disease states. In this review, we present comprehensive summary and recent breakthroughs in IL-24 characterization and its emerging pathogenic functions in type 2 immune diseases, including chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), bullous pemphigoid (BP), chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG), and allergic airway diseases, in an attempt to provide valuable insights for developing its potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
