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LY-H as a potential screening biomarker for lymphocyte activation in peripheral blood
Kang-Chun-Feng Qin1, Chi-Hui Yang1, Yi-Hui Zhang1
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Insights
A new blood test parameter, LY-H, shows strong correlation with reactive lymphocytes, indicating lymphocyte activation. This finding offers a potential screening marker for viral infections and other conditions affecting lymphocytes.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Clinical Pathology
Background:
- Viral infections can induce morphological changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
- Identifying reactive lymphocytes in blood smears is crucial for diagnosing lymphocyte activation but faces challenges due to morphological variability and observer subjectivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the correlation between LY-H (vector sum of lymphocyte parameters LY-Y and LY-Z) and the presence of reactive lymphocytes in peripheral blood.
- To explore LY-H's potential as a screening marker for lymphocyte activation.
Main Methods:
- Collected data from 404 individuals, categorized into reactive lymphocyte, lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) groups.
- Compared LY-H levels across groups using logistic regression, smooth spline analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Main Results:
- LY-H levels were significantly higher in the reactive lymphocyte group compared to lymphoma, ALL, and CLL groups (P < 0.05).
- A strong correlation was found between LY-H and the percentage of reactive lymphocytes, with LY-H identified as an independent predictive factor.
- LY-H demonstrated high screening value for reactive lymphocytes, with AUC values ranging from 0.8489 to 0.8943 across different comparison groups.
Conclusions:
- The novel parameter LY-H shows a close correlation with reactive lymphocytes identified in peripheral blood smears.
- LY-H serves as a promising indicator for assessing lymphocyte activation status in clinical practice.
Objectives:
Viral infections often cause morphological changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes. While the presence of reactive lymphocytes in blood smears reflects lymphocyte activation, their identification is often affected by morphological heterogeneity and observer subjectivity. This study evaluates the correlation between LY-H, defined as the vector sum of lymphocyte parameters LY-Y and LY-Z, and the presence of reactive lymphocytes in peripheral blood smears, exploring its potential as a screening marker for lymphocyte activation.
Methods:
Data from 404 individuals were collected and divided into four groups: 109 individuals with reactive lymphocytes found in peripheral blood smears (reactive lymphocyte group), 104 lymphoma patients (lymphoma group), 91 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL group), and 100 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL group). Differences in LY-H among the four groups were compared. Logistic regression and smooth spline analysis were used to analyze the predictive value and correlation of lymphocyte parameters with reactive lymphocyte proportion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of LY-H for reactive lymphocytes detected by microscopy.
Results:
LY-H levels were significantly higher in the reactive lymphocyte group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). A strong correlation was observed between LY-H and the percentage of reactive lymphocytes. Logistic regression analysis indicated that LY-H is an independent factor in the presence of reactive lymphocytes (ORLY-H: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.002-1.190). Compared with the lymphoma, ALL, and CLL groups, LY-H demonstrated the highest screening value, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.8489, 0.8831, and 0.8943, respectively.
Conclusions:
Novel parameter LY-H correlates closely with the reactive lymphocytes identified in peripheral blood smears. It serves as a potential indicator for assessing lymphocyte activation status in clinical practice.
