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Hairy Cell Leukemia With Aberrant CD5 and CD23 Expression: A Case Report and a Brief Literature Review
Zakaria Alameddine1, Rachelle Hamadi1, Hagar Attia2
1Hematology and Oncology, SUNY Downstate Health and Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Insights
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a rare B-cell leukemia, typically expresses specific markers. This case highlights HCL with rare CD5 and CD23 expression, posing diagnostic challenges.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunophenotyping
Background:
- Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, indolent B-cell malignancy.
- Classical HCL exhibits characteristic morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular profiles.
- Typical immunophenotype includes CD25, CD11c, CD103, and CD123 expression; BRAFV600E mutation is common.
Abstract:
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare indolent B-cell leukemia. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features. These features include the expression of typical surface markers such as CD25, CD11c, CD103, and CD123. It also includes the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation. Aberrant expression of CD5 and CD23 is extremely rare. We present a case of classical HCL expressing both markers, along with a brief review of the literature emphasizing the diagnostic complexities associated with such aberrancy.
