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Identifying Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Populations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Bone marrow plasma cytokine composition indicates acute myeloid leukemia progression and treatment response

Qiuyu Mo1, Guoran Xie2, Kangle Huang3

  • 1Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cytokine levels in bone marrow plasma differ significantly across acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stages. Monitoring these immune factors can guide AML treatment and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression involves complex interactions within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective AML therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the plasma cytokine profile in BM samples from AML patients.
  • To identify cytokine signatures associated with different AML disease states (newly diagnosed, complete remission, relapsed/refractory).

Main Methods:

  • Collected 75 BM samples from AML patients (ND-AML, CR, R/R-AML).
  • Utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure BM plasma levels of various cytokines, including interleukins (IL), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in BM plasma inflammatory and immunologic cytokines were observed between ND-AML, CR, and R/R-AML.
  • Cytokine levels, including IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21, differed between incomplete remission (ICR) and CR.
  • Cytokines like IL-17 and TGF-β showed dynamic changes, increasing at diagnosis and relapse, and decreasing after achieving CR, indicating disease activity.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic monitoring of BM plasma cytokines is essential during AML progression.
  • Cytokine composition analysis can guide treatment strategies and potentially improve patient outcomes in AML.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute myeloid leukemiabone marrow plasmacytokine levelsprogressiontreatment response

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