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Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in plasma and vitreous from patients with vitreoretinal disorders
P Esser1, M Bresgen, R Fischbach
1Abteilung für Netzhaut-und Glaskörper-chirurgie der Universitäts-Augenklinik, Köln, Germany.
Insights
Elevated soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (cICAM-1) was found in vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative vitreoretinal disorders, suggesting local production contributes to inflammation. Plasma levels remained unchanged, indicating localized immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is crucial for immune activation and inflammation, mediating lymphocyte migration.
- Cytokine interactions, including IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, influence ICAM-1's role in inflammatory processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively determine soluble ICAM-1 (cICAM-1) levels in vitreous and plasma of patients with proliferative vitreoretinal disorders.
- To compare cICAM-1 concentrations with total vitreal protein levels.
- To investigate the potential role of local cICAM-1 production in these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was employed for quantitative determination of cICAM-1.
- Samples were collected from vitreous and plasma of patients undergoing vitrectomy.
- Control groups and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), idiopathic proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were included.
Main Results:
- Significantly elevated cICAM-1 levels were observed in the vitreous of patients with PDR, idiopathic PVR, and traumatic PVR compared to controls.
- In PDR and traumatic PVR, cICAM-1 levels increased more than total vitreal protein.
- Plasma cICAM-1 levels showed no significant alterations across the study groups.
Conclusions:
- High vitreous cICAM-1 levels are characteristic of most proliferative vitreoretinal disorders.
- Local cICAM-1 production, potentially by macrophages, appears important in the early stages of PDR and PVR.
- Elevated local cICAM-1 likely contributes to enhanced immune activation and inflammation in these retinal conditions.
Abstract:
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with important functions in immune activation and inflammation. Its interaction with different cytokines [interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] is important for lymphocyte migration into inflammatory sites. We used a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantitative determination of soluble ICAM-1 (cICAM-1) in vitreous and plasma from patients undergoing vitrectomy for a variety of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders. The values obtained were compared with the total vitreal protein. The respective concentrations of cICAM-1 in vitreous were as follows control samples, 3.47 +/- 1.84 ng/ml; proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) of diabetes type I 27.43 +/- 14.72 ng/ml; PDR of diabetes type II, 32.46 +/- 10.31 ng/ml; idiopathic proliferative vitreoretinopathy 35.74 +/- 15.30 ng/ml; and traumatic PVR, 45.23 +/- 24.24 ng/ml. Plasma samples yielded the following concentrations: controls, 415 +/- 43.4 ng/ml; PDR of diabetes type I, 469 +/- 96.9 ng/ml; PDR of diabetes type II, 425 +/- 65.4 ng/ml; idiopathic PVR, 402 +/- 119.9 ng/ml; and traumatic PVR, 434 +/- 118.6 ng/ml. Our results demonstrate high levels of ICAM-1 in most proliferative vitreoretinal disorders. In PDR and in traumatic PVR, cICAM-1 levels were elevated significantly more than were total vitreal protein levels. In traumatic PVR, patients with a short interval between previous surgery or traumatic event demonstrated the highest levels of cICAM. Since plasma levels were not significantly altered, we suggest that local cICAM-1 production, possibly from macrophages, may be of importance in the early phase of PVR and PDR by enhancing immune activation and inflammation.