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B cell activation and human immunodeficiency virus infection. V. Phenotypic and functional alterations in CD5+ and

S Indraccolo1, M Mion, R Zamarchi

  • 1Institute of Oncology, University of Padova, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Immunology
|November 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection dysregulates B cells. Both CD5+ and CD5- B cell populations are implicated in HIV pathogenesis, suggesting a role for B cell dysfunction in AIDS development.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B cell dysregulation is a key feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • B lymphocytes consist of distinct CD5+ and CD5- subpopulations with unique roles.
  • Understanding these subpopulations' behavior is crucial for comprehending HIV pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct phenotypic and functional behavior of CD5+ and CD5- B cells in HIV infection.
  • To determine the impact of HIV disease progression on B cell subpopulations.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  • Assessment of spontaneous antibody synthesis in vitro.
  • Evaluation of B cell activation markers.

Main Results:

  • HIV-seropositive patients showed an increased percentage of peripheral blood CD5+ B cells.
  • Despite increased percentage, the absolute number of CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes was reduced due to lymphopenia.
  • CD5- B cells spontaneously synthesized HIV-specific antibodies, while CD5+ B cells showed lower, non-specific activation.

Conclusions:

  • B cell dysregulation in HIV infection affects both CD5- and CD5+ compartments.
  • Altered CD5+ B cell function, potentially linked to autoimmunity and IL-10 production, may contribute to AIDS pathogenesis.
  • B cell dysfunction is a potential causal factor in the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

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