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Prevalence and activation phenotype of Sendai virus-specific CD4+ T cells

C Ewing1, D J Topham, P C Doherty

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.

Virology
|June 20, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Sendai virus infection significantly increases CD4+ T helper precursors (Thp) in mice, with memory Thp exhibiting an activated phenotype. This study quantifies Thp prevalence using limiting dilution analysis (LDA) for immune response insights.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • CD4+ T helper cells are crucial for adaptive immunity.
  • Understanding the dynamics of T helper cell precursors (Thp) post-viral infection is vital for immune response characterization.
  • Sendai virus serves as a model pathogen for studying host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the relative prevalence of Sendai virus-specific CD4+ T helper precursors (Thp) in mice.
  • To characterize the phenotype of memory Thp following viral infection.
  • To assess the utility of limiting dilution analysis (LDA) for studying antigen-specific CD4+ T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Limiting dilution analysis (LDA) was employed to determine Thp frequencies.
  • Intranasal inoculation of C57BL/6 mice with Sendai virus.
  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze the phenotype of memory Thp (L-selectin, CD44, alpha 4-integrin expression).

Main Results:

  • Thp prevalence increased from < 1 in 10(5) to approximately 1 in 200 within 10 days post-infection.
  • Elevated Thp frequencies persisted for 2-3 months, predominantly in the spleen.
  • Memory Thp displayed an activated phenotype (L-selectin-low, CD44-high, alpha 4-integrin-high).

Conclusions:

  • Sendai virus infection induces a significant and sustained expansion of CD4+ Thp.
  • Memory Thp share a similar activated phenotype with memory CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp).
  • Controlled LDA is a valuable method for comparing phenotypically distinct antigen-specific CD4+ T cell subsets.

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