Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
10:21

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Soluble ICAM-1 serum levels in multiple sclerosis and viral encephalitis

H P Hartung1, M Michels, K Reiners

  • 1Department of Neurology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany.

Neurology
|November 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels were elevated in patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS) and viral encephalitis. This suggests ICAM-1 may indicate acute brain inflammation and play a role in MS.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Molecular immunology

Background:

  • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is vital for immune responses and T cell migration into inflamed tissues.
  • Understanding ICAM-1's role in neurological disorders is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate soluble ICAM-1 concentrations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and viral encephalitis.
  • To compare these levels with noninflammatory neurologic disorders and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Serum soluble ICAM-1 levels were measured in patients with MS, viral encephalitis, other immunologic diseases, noninflammatory neurologic disorders, and healthy controls.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess disease activity in MS patients.

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum soluble ICAM-1 levels were observed in MS patients with clinically active disease or enhancing lesions on MRI.
  • Increased soluble ICAM-1 concentrations were also found in some patients with viral encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating soluble ICAM-1 may serve as a biomarker for acute inflammatory events within the brain.
  • These findings support the involvement of ICAM-1 in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

More Related Videos

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice08:23

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice

Published on: November 29, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...