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Abdominal tuberculosis. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology

S Radhika1, A Rajwanshi, R Kochhar

  • 1Department of Cytology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Acta Cytologica
|September 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Fine needle aspiration cytology is an effective diagnostic tool for abdominal tuberculosis. This method, particularly useful for ileocecal lesions, shows high accuracy in identifying tuberculosis (TB) through cytomorphology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Cytopathology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Abdominal tuberculosis diagnosis can be challenging.
  • Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) offers a minimally invasive diagnostic approach.
  • Previous studies highlight the utility of FNAC in various forms of tuberculosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the diagnostic utility of FNAC for abdominal tuberculosis.
  • To evaluate the cytomorphologic features and accuracy of FNAC in diagnosing abdominal TB.
  • To correlate FNAC findings with clinical suspicion, radiology, and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 105 cases of abdominal tuberculosis diagnosed via FNAC (1988-1991).
  • Review of cytomorphologic findings: necrotic material, epithelioid granulomas, and acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
  • Correlation of FNAC results with clinical data, radiological findings, and microbiological cultures.

Main Results:

  • Clinical suspicion of tuberculosis was present in 60% of cases before aspiration.
  • Ileocecal region was the most common site (69 cases).
  • Cytomorphology revealed epithelioid granulomas in 86% of cases (with or without necrosis). Ziehl-Neelsen staining was positive for AFB in 45% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • FNAC is a valuable diagnostic method for abdominal tuberculosis, especially for ileocecal lesions.
  • Cytomorphologic analysis, including granuloma detection and AFB staining, aids in diagnosis.
  • FNAC findings demonstrated good correlation with radiological assessments and patient response to antituberculosis chemotherapy.

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