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Feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinicopathologic findings in 90 naturally occurring cases

A H Sparkes1, C D Hopper, W G Millard

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|March 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats commonly causes hematologic abnormalities like lymphopenia and hyperproteinemia. Cytopenias are more frequent in cats with advanced clinical signs of FIV disease.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is an important retroviral infection affecting domestic cats.
  • Understanding the clinicopathologic changes associated with FIV is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinicopathologic abnormalities at the time of diagnosis in cats with naturally occurring FIV infection.
  • To identify potential hematologic markers associated with disease progression in FIV-infected cats.

Main Methods:

  • Clinicopathologic data from 90 cats diagnosed with naturally occurring FIV infection were analyzed.
  • Hematologic parameters and serum protein electrophoretic patterns were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Common findings included lymphopenia (29%), neutrophilia (27%), monocytosis (23%), anemia (18%), hyperproteinemia (38%), and hyperglobulinemia (25%).
  • Over half the cats (54%) exhibited multiple hematologic abnormalities; 17% had a single abnormality.
  • Elevated alpha 2 globulin and gammaglobulin subfractions were consistently observed in serum protein electrophoresis.
  • Cytopenias were more prevalent in cats presenting with advanced clinical signs.

Conclusions:

  • FIV infection frequently leads to diverse hematologic and serum protein abnormalities.
  • Hematologic changes, particularly cytopenias, may correlate with the clinical stage of FIV infection in cats.

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