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Immunohistologic study of the ruptured intervertebral disc of the lumbar spine
M Doita1, T Kanatani, T Harada
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
Insights
Inflammatory cells in extruded discs express mediators that may cause new blood vessel growth and chronic inflammation. This study clarifies the pathogenesis of neovascularization in herniated lumbar discs.
Area of Science:
- Spine surgery
- Immunohistology
- Cell biology
Background:
- Herniated discs can trigger autoimmune responses and chronic inflammation.
- The exact mechanisms of inflammatory cell infiltration and neovascularization in herniated discs are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the histological features of extruded/sequestrated discs and infiltrating inflammatory cells.
- To clarify the pathogenesis of neovascularization at the disc tissue edge.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistological analysis of herniated lumbar discs using specific antibody stains.
- Culture of herniated disc cells and measurement of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).
- Coculture of disc cells with human endothelial cells to assess proliferation.
Main Results:
- Vascularized granulation tissue was observed at the edge of extruded and sequestrated discs.
- Infiltrating mononuclear cells expressed interleukin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen, and bFGF.
- Herniated disc cells showed higher bFGF levels and enhanced endothelial cell proliferation.
Conclusions:
- Mononuclear cells in extruded discs express inflammatory mediators.
- These mediators may induce neovascularization and sustain inflammation in herniated discs.
Study Design:
This study analyzed immunohistological features of the extruded or sequestrated intervertebral disc of the lumbar spine. To clarify the pathogenesis of neovascularization, cells isolated from herniated disc were cultured and examined biologically.
Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to characterize the histologic features of extruded or sequestrated discs and inflammatory cells that infiltrate along the margins of the disc tissue and to clarify the pathogenesis of neovascularization observed at the edge of the disc tissue.
Summary Of Background Data:
When some of the contents of the disc extrudes into the epidural space and is considered "foreign," an autoimmune response develops, which can lead to a chronic inflammatory response. However, the pathogenesis of inflammatory cell infiltrations and neovascularization are not clearly defined.
Methods:
The herniated discs were obtained during surgery and were stained with anti-interleukin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen, and basic fibroblast growth factor antibodies by using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Cells isolated from herniated disc were cocultured with human endothelial cells and basic fibroblast growth factor contained by cultured disc cells were measured by radioimmunoassay.
Results:
The ingrowth of granulation tissue with vascularization, occurring at the edge of fibrocartilage fragment, was present at 11 of 16 of extruded and 3 of 5 of sequestrated discs. Anti-interleukin-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen, and basic fibroblast growth factor were expressed on most of mononuclear cells infiltrating into the extruded or sequestrated disc. Cells from the extruded or sequestrated disc demonstrated significantly greater levels of basic fibroblast growth factor than those from the protruded disc, and they enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells.
Conclusions:
This study showed that mononuclear cells infiltrating along the margins of extruded discs expressed inflammatory mediators and might induce neovascularization and persistence of inflammation.
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