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Significantly increased activated T cells are associated with declining CD4 cells in human immunodeficiency virus

J S Dhaliwal1, T Balasubramaniam, C K Quek

  • 1Division of Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|November 1, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection alters lymphocyte subsets. HIV patients showed increased CD3+CD8+ and CD3+HLA-DR+ cells, with a clear trend correlating with lower CD4 counts.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known to impact the immune system.
  • Understanding changes in lymphocyte subsets is crucial for monitoring HIV progression and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of six lymphocyte markers in HIV patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To analyze how these marker expressions change with varying absolute CD4 counts in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 481 HIV patients and 79 healthy controls.
  • Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry.
  • Data were stratified into four groups based on absolute CD4 counts (0-400, 401-800, 801-1200, 1201-1600 cells/mm³).

Main Results:

  • HIV patients exhibited higher percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+, and CD3+HLA-DR+ cells, and lower percentages of CD19 and natural killer cells compared to controls.
  • A significant increasing trend in CD3+CD8+ and CD3+HLA-DR+ cell percentages was observed with decreasing CD4 counts across the stratified groups.
  • Specifically, CD3+CD8+ percentages were 47.4%, 50.0%, 54.0%, and 57.5% for groups I-IV, respectively.
  • CD3+HLA-DR+ percentages were 29.1%, 32.9%, 38.4%, and 43.9% for groups I-IV, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection significantly alters lymphocyte subset profiles.
  • The increase in CD3+CD8+ and CD3+HLA-DR+ cells is a prominent feature of HIV infection and correlates with disease severity (lower CD4 counts).
  • These findings highlight specific immune cell changes that can serve as biomarkers in HIV management.

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