Cardiac troponins I and T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a comparative study in a routine
1Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rogaland Central Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
Insights
Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) show similar clinical performance for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, cTnT was more frequently elevated in unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients, warranting further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Analysis
Background:
- Cardiac troponins are crucial biomarkers for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
- Both cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are widely used, but their comparative performance in routine diagnostics requires clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the diagnostic performance of cTnI and cTnT in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected AMI.
- To assess the utility of cTnI and cTnT in differentiating AMI from other acute coronary syndromes like unstable angina pectoris (UAP).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of cardiac troponin levels (cTnI and cTnT) from routine blood samples in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of AMI.
- Comparison of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity between cTnI and cTnT assays.
- Analysis of discordant results and their correlation with clinical outcomes, including subsequent AMI development.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in overall clinical performance for AMI diagnosis between cTnI and cTnT.
- cTnI showed lower initial sensitivity but higher specificity compared to cTnT.
- cTnT levels were significantly higher than cTnI in AMI patients (P=0.023) and more frequently elevated in UAP patients (P=0.038).
Conclusions:
- Both cTnI and cTnT are clinically equivalent for diagnosing AMI based on WHO criteria.
- Elevated cTnT in UAP patients warrants further investigation into its clinical significance.
- Discordant troponin results may indicate subtle myocardial injury or different assay sensitivities.
Abstract:
We compared cardiac troponin I (cTnI), using Access, Sanofi Pasteur, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT), using Elecsys, Boehringer Mannheim, in the first two routine blood samplings in a routine panel of cardiac markers for the biochemical diagnostic evaluation of patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). No significant differences in the overall clinical performances of cTnI and cTnT were observed for the diagnosis of AMI (n = 68), but cTnI demonstrated lower initial sensitivity and higher specificity compared with cTnT. cTnT was increased to higher relative values than cTnI (P = 0.023). Discordances were found between cTnI and cTnT in sample I but not in sample II; positive cTnT/negative cTnI was more common than the opposite discordance (P = 0.027). cTnT was more frequently increased in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) than cTnI (P = 0.038), with no significant differences between sample I and sample II; discordant results with respect to cTnI and cTnT appeared in 6 (33%) of these patients, all of which were positive for cTnT and negative for cTnI. Four patients with UAP (22%) developed AMI within 4 months; three were associated with increased cTnI and cTnT at the time of initial testing, and one was discordant (positive cTnT). In patients classified with no acute coronary syndrome (n = 84), five concordant positives for cTnI and cTnT were observed, indicating the existence of a myocardial injury of recent origin in these patients. AMI evolved in one of these patients 5 months later. We conclude that cTnT and cTnI detect acute myocardial injury with equal clinical performance in AMI patients classified by WHO criteria. cTnT was more frequently increased in patients with UAP than cTnI, but the clinical significance of this discordance could not be determined from this study.
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