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Edad biológica e inmunosenescencia en centenarios colombianos

Juan-Manuel Anaya^1,2, Edward A Ruiz-Narváez³, Ivan David Lozada-Martinez^4,5

¹Colombian Centenarians Alliance, Bogotá, Colombia. anayajm@gmail.com.

|February 24, 2026

Insights

Los centenarios muestran un envejecimiento biológico variado, con un mejor bienestar asociado a una edad biológica más joven. Perfiles de células inmunitarias y factores clínicos distintos se correlacionan con una edad biológica avanzada, desafiando las nociones típicas de inmunosenescencia en la longevidad extrema.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gerociencia; Inmunología; Investigación sobre la longevidad

Sus antecedentes:

El envejecimiento biológico y la inmunosenescencia son clave para la longevidad.; Su interacción en centenarios no se comprende bien.; Los centenarios representan un modelo único para el estudio del envejecimiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre la edad biológica (PhenoAge) y la inmunosenescencia en centenarios colombianos.; Identificar variables clínicas asociadas con la edad biológica y el estado inmunitario.; Explorar perfiles inmunitarios en diferentes trayectorias de envejecimiento de centenarios.

Principales métodos:

Estudio transversal de 160 centenarios colombianos.; Se evaluó la edad biológica utilizando PhenoAge.; Se realizó perfilado de citoquinas e inmunofenotipado de linfocitos.; Se recopilaron datos sobre calidad de vida, bienestar y variables clínicas.

Principales resultados:

Una edad biológica más alta se asoció con síntomas depresivos, antecedentes de tabaquismo, niveles elevados de RANTES y G-CSF, y fenotipos específicos de células T CD8+ (p. ej., células TEMRA).; Una mejor calidad de vida y bienestar se vincularon con una edad biológica más baja.; Los centenarios categorizados como vigorosos, resilientes o vulnerables mostraron niveles de citoquinas similares.

Conclusiones:

Los hallazgos desafían el concepto universal de inmunosenescencia en centenarios.; La edad biológica se asocia con factores clínicos e inmunitarios específicos en la longevidad extrema.; Destaca la importancia de la investigación traslacional en gerociencia.

Read full analysis

Abstract:

Biological aging and immunosenescence are central to longevity, yet their interplay in centenarians remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 160 Colombian centenarians to examine associations between biological age (PhenoAge), immunosenescence and age-related clinical variables. Cytokine profiling (n = 114) and lymphocyte immunophenotyping (n = 42) were assessed. It was observed that better QoL and well-being were significantly associated with lower biological age, while depressive symptoms, prior tobacco use, elevated levels of RANTES and G-CSF as well as a distinct CD8+ T cell phenotype including greater CD27- CD28+ central memory, effector memory, and KLRG1- CD57+ terminally differentiated effector memory T cells (TEMRA), and fewer KLRG1+ CD57+ TEMRA cells were linked to higher biological age. Centenarians were classified into three categories: vigorous (10%), resilient (46.25%), and vulnerable (43.75%). Cytokine levels were similar across the groups. These findings challenge the notion of immunosenescence in centenarians and highlight the value of translational research in geroscience.

Palabras clave:

edad biológica inmunosenescencia centenarios longevidad colombianos envejecimiento células inmunitarias bienestar

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