Cambio Fenotípico en un GIST Gástrico después de NAC-Imatinib: Reporte de un Caso

Junki Yamada1, Kei Sato, Selen Tomita

  • 1Dept. of Surgery, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital.

Insights

Este estudio de caso destaca los desafíos diagnósticos en tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante (NAC). La histopatología post-NAC alteró significativamente los hallazgos, afectando el diagnóstico preciso.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gastroenterología
  • Oncología Quirúrgica
  • Patología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) son los tumores mesenquimales más comunes del tracto gastrointestinal.
  • La quimioterapia neoadyuvante (NAC) se usa cada vez más para el manejo de GIST, pero su impacto en las características histopatológicas no se comprende completamente.
  • El diagnóstico preciso de GIST se basa en hallazgos histopatológicos característicos y tinción inmunohistoquímica (IHC).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Presentar un caso desafiante de diagnóstico de GIST después de NAC.
  • Revisar la literatura sobre cambios de IHC en GIST después de NAC.
  • Enfatizar la importancia de considerar las alteraciones post-tratamiento en la histopatología.

Principales métodos:

  • Presentación de caso de un hombre de 53 años con dolor epigástrico y un tumor submucoso.
  • Diagnóstico inicial de GIST basado en gastroscopia, biopsia e IHC (c-kit positivo).
  • Resección quirúrgica después de NAC, seguida de análisis histopatológico detallado del espécimen resecado.

Principales resultados:

  • La biopsia inicial diagnosticó GIST con proliferación de células fusiformes y positividad para c-kit.
  • Los hallazgos histopatológicos post-NAC del espécimen resecado difirieron significativamente de la biopsia.
  • Se logró la resección completa, pero el diagnóstico postoperatorio se complicó por la alteración de la histología.

Conclusiones:

  • La quimioterapia neoadyuvante puede alterar marcadamente la histopatología de GIST, planteando desafíos diagnósticos.
  • Existe una escasez de literatura sobre cambios de IHC en GIST después de NAC.
  • Este caso subraya la necesidad de una interpretación cuidadosa de los especímenes post-NAC y una mayor investigación sobre las modificaciones histológicas inducidas por el tratamiento.

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