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Inestabilidad del flujo de magma y actividad cíclica en el volcán Soufriere Hills, Montserrat, Indias Occidentales
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 1999
Resumen
El crecimiento de la cúpula volcánica en el volcán Soufriere Hills mostró patrones cíclicos de terremotos, deformación del suelo y erupciones. Estos ciclos, impulsados por la dinámica del flujo de magma, permiten pronosticar erupciones a corto plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Dinámica de las magmas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El crecimiento de la cúpula en el volcán Soufriere Hills (1996-1998) se caracterizó por ciclos recurrentes.
- Estos ciclos incluyeron terremotos, deformación del suelo, desgasificación y erupciones explosivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comprender los procesos que impulsan el comportamiento cíclico durante el crecimiento de la cúpula volcánica.
- Para investigar la relación entre la dinámica del flujo del conducto y los patrones de erupción.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos sísmicos, mediciones de deformación del suelo y datos de emisiones de gases.
- Modelado del flujo de los conductos de magma, la exsolución de gases y los cambios reológicos.
Principales resultados:
- El comportamiento cíclico resultó del flujo de magma inestable debido a la exsolución de gases, el endurecimiento reológico y la presurización.
- Los ciclos se iniciaron con el flujo retardado de magma desgaseado, lo que condujo a la acumulación de presión, la sismicidad y la inflación.
- La posterior expulsión de magma y gas causó la deflación y la erupción.
Conclusiones:
- La escala de tiempo de repetición de los ciclos se rige por las tasas de ascenso del magma, la desgasificación y la cristalización de microlitos.
- La actividad volcánica cíclica permite la predicción a corto plazo del tiempo de erupción y el potencial de explosividad.
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