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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Published on: October 12, 2012

Los antígenos HLA y la respuesta a corticosteroides.

B Becker, D H Shin, P F Palmberg

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 24, 1976
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los pacientes con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto muestran tasas más altas de antígenos HLA específicos y una mayor sensibilidad a los glucocorticoides. Sus linfocitos requieren dosis más bajas de prednisolona para inhibir la transformación, lo que sugiere un vínculo entre la respuesta inmune y el glaucoma.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Inmunogenética La inmunogenética.
    • Oftalmología Oftalmología.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (POAG) está asociado con tipos específicos de antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA).
    • Los pacientes con glaucoma exhiben respuestas alteradas a los glucocorticoides.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para investigar la asociación entre los antígenos HLA y la respuesta a los glucocorticoides en pacientes con AGPO.
    • Para determinar si el antígeno HLA-B12 influye en la sensibilidad de los linfocitos a la prednisolona en individuos oculares normotensos y glaucomatosos.

    Principales métodos:

    • Comparación de la prevalencia del antígeno HLA en pacientes con AGPO frente a individuos normales.
    • Evaluación de la respuesta de transformación de los linfocitos a la fitohemaglutinina.
    • Cuantificación de las concentraciones de prednisolona requeridas para inhibir la transformación de los linfocitos.

    Principales resultados:

    • Aumento de la prevalencia de los antígenos HLA-B12 y B7 en pacientes con AGPO.
    • Los linfocitos de individuos con el antígeno HLA-B12 (tanto el normotensivo ocular como el glaucomatoso) mostraron concentraciones significativamente más bajas de prednisolona necesarias para inhibir la transformación inducida por la fitohemaglutinina (P < .02).

    Conclusiones:

    • El antígeno HLA-B12 está relacionado con un aumento de la respuesta a los glucocorticoides en los linfocitos.
    • Esta mayor sensibilidad puede desempeñar un papel en la patogénesis o progresión del glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto.