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Las aminas heterocíclicas dietéticas y el cáncer de colon, recto, vejiga y riñón: un estudio basado en la población
K Augustsson1, K Skog, M Jägerstad
1Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Gunnar.Steineck@onkpat.ki.se
Lancet (London, England)
|March 12, 1999
Resumen
Es poco probable que las aminas heterocíclicas en los alimentos cocinados causen cáncer a niveles de ingesta típicos. Un consumo muy alto puede estar relacionado con la carcinogenicidad, pero se necesita más investigación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Toxicología Toxicología.
- La epidemiología nutricional.
- Oncología Oncología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las aminas heterocíclicas (ACH) son compuestos cancerígenos formados durante la cocción de la carne y el pescado.
- Los HCA pueden formar adductos de ADN en humanos, lo que genera preocupación sobre su posible papel en el desarrollo del cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la ingesta dietética de aminas heterocíclicas y el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer en el intestino grueso y el tracto urinario.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño de estudio de casos y controles basado en la población.
- Los datos sobre la ingesta de alimentos y nutrientes se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios, complementados con ayudas fotográficas para la preparación de alimentos.
- El contenido de aminas heterocíclicas en alimentos cocinados se cuantificó en condiciones controladas.
Principales resultados:
- El estudio incluyó 553 controles y numerosos casos de cáncer (colon, recto, vejiga, riñón).
- La ingesta diaria promedio de HCA varió entre los grupos, sin una clara relación dosis-respuesta observada dentro del rango típico de la dieta.
- Los riesgos relativos para los quintiles de ingesta de HCA más altos frente a los más bajos generalmente no fueron significativos para los cánceres de colon, recto, vejiga y riñón.
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta dietética de aminas heterocíclicas dentro del rango habitual de la población estudiada no parece aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de colon, recto, vejiga o riñón.
- La ingesta diaria de HCA extremadamente alta (por encima de 1900 ng) mostró una asociación potencial con la carcinogenicidad humana, aunque con una precisión estadística muy baja.
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