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Maduración estructural de las vías neuronales en niños y adolescentes: estudio in vivo
T Paus1, A Zijdenbos, K Worsley
1Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada. tomas@bic.mni.mcgill.ca
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 19, 1999
Resumen
Los tractos de fibra cerebral maduran durante la infancia y la adolescencia, apoyando el desarrollo cognitivo. Este estudio muestra aumentos relacionados con la edad en la densidad de materia blanca en las vías motoras y del habla.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Neurociencia del desarrollo neurológico.
- La neuroimagen es una técnica de neuroimagen.
Sus antecedentes:
- La maduración estructural del cerebro, incluido el crecimiento axonal y la mielinización, es crucial para el desarrollo cognitivo.
- Comprender la trayectoria de desarrollo de los tractos de materia blanca es esencial para mapear la maduración cognitiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los cambios relacionados con la edad en la densidad de la materia blanca dentro de tramos específicos de fibra en niños y adolescentes.
- Para determinar la lateralización hemisférica de la maduración de la materia blanca en las vías corticospinal y frontotemporal.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis computacional de los datos de imágenes de resonancia magnética estructural (IRM).
- El análisis incluyó a 111 niños y adolescentes de desarrollo típico.
- Cuantificación de la densidad de la materia blanca en las vías cerebrales clave.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron aumentos significativos relacionados con la edad en la densidad de la materia blanca tanto en el tracto corticospinal como en el frontotemporal.
- La maduración del tracto corticoespinal fue bilateral.
- La maduración de la vía frontotemporal se observó predominantemente en el hemisferio izquierdo, asociada con las funciones del habla.
Conclusiones:
- La evidencia apoya una maduración gradual de las vías de la materia blanca durante la infancia tardía y la adolescencia.
- Se supone que estas vías de maduración apoyan el desarrollo de las funciones motoras y del habla.
- Los hallazgos destacan la base neurobiológica del desarrollo cognitivo durante estas etapas críticas de la vida.
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