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Riesgos percibidos de enfermedades del corazón y cáncer entre los fumadores de cigarrillos
1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA. ayanian@hcp.med.harvard.edu
JAMA
|March 23, 1999
Resumen
La mayoría de los fumadores subestiman su riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas y cáncer. Los esfuerzos de salud pública deben educar a los fumadores sobre estos peligros para alentar el abandono del tabaquismo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- Fumar cigarrillos es una de las principales causas de muertes prevenibles por enfermedades cardiovasculares y cáncer.
- Los fumadores a menudo subestiman los riesgos para la salud personal asociados con el tabaquismo continuo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar cómo los fumadores perciben su riesgo personal de desarrollar enfermedades cardíacas y cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Una encuesta de 1995 de 3031 adultos estadounidenses, incluidos 737 fumadores actuales, evaluó los riesgos percibidos de infarto de miocardio (IM) y cáncer en relación con sus pares.
- La regresión logística analizó los riesgos percibidos entre los fumadores en función de factores demográficos y clínicos.
Principales resultados:
- Solo el 29% de los fumadores y el 40% creían que tenían un riesgo superior a la media de infarto de miocardio o cáncer, respectivamente.
- Incluso los grandes fumadores y aquellos con factores de riesgo existentes (hipertensión, angina) a menudo perciben su riesgo como promedio.
- Los fumadores más viejos, menos educados y ligeros eran menos propensos a percibir un mayor riesgo personal.
Conclusiones:
- La mayoría de los fumadores no se perciben a sí mismos como en mayor riesgo de enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo.
- Los proveedores de atención médica y los profesionales de la salud pública deben informar activamente a los fumadores sobre sus elevados riesgos para la salud para promover el abandono.
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