Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 21, 2026
06:34
Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
Published on: July 1, 2015
La estructura cerebral y la función neurocognitiva y conductual en adolescentes que nacieron muy prematuros
A L Stewart1, L Rifkin, P N Amess
1Department of Paediatrics, Rayne Institute, University College London Medical School, UK. ann@arlingtonave.demon.co.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|May 21, 1999
Resumen
El parto muy prematuro aumenta los problemas neurocognitivos y conductuales en la adolescencia. La resonancia magnética (IRM) reveló más anomalías cerebrales en estos individuos que las detectadas previamente por ultrasonografía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Pediatría del desarrollo Pediatría del desarrollo.
- Radiología Radiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bebés nacidos muy prematuros (<33 semanas) se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de déficits neurocognitivos.
- La ecografía neonatal predice los resultados del desarrollo neurológico hasta los 8 años, pero la función posterior sigue siendo menos comprendida.
- Este estudio examina los efectos a largo plazo del parto muy prematuro en la estructura y función del cerebro adolescente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto del parto muy prematuro en la estructura del cerebro adolescente.
- Para evaluar el funcionamiento neurocognitivo y conductual en adolescentes nacidos muy prematuros.
- Para correlacionar los hallazgos del cerebro adolescente con los factores y resultados de la vida temprana.
Principales métodos:
- Se siguió prospectivamente a una cohorte de 105 bebés nacidos antes de las 33 semanas de gestación.
- A los 14-15 años, 72 individuos muy prematuros y 21 controles se sometieron a resonancia magnética cerebral y evaluaciones neurocognitivas / conductuales.
- Las imágenes de resonancia magnética fueron revisadas independientemente por neuroradiólogos.
Principales resultados:
- Más de la mitad (40/72) de los individuos muy prematuros tenían escáneres de resonancia magnética anormales, en comparación con un control.
- Las anomalías comunes de la resonancia magnética incluían lesiones ventriculares, del cuerpo calloso y de la sustancia blanca.
- Los individuos muy prematuros exhibieron significativamente más problemas de lectura, ajuste y trastornos neurológicos, con un comportamiento vinculado a los hallazgos de la resonancia magnética.
Conclusiones:
- Los adolescentes nacidos muy prematuros demuestran una mayor prevalencia de problemas neurocognitivos y conductuales.
- Más de la mitad de los individuos muy prematuros exhiben una estructura cerebral anormal en la resonancia magnética en la adolescencia.
- La resonancia magnética es crucial para identificar anomalías cerebrales en individuos muy prematuros, lo que afecta la función a largo plazo.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:31Organization of the Brain
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
01:22Language Development
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
Exploration...
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
01:21The Nativist Approach
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to exist...
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.