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Una pelvis humana completa del Pleistoceno Medio en España
J L Arsuaga1, C Lorenzo, J M Carretero
1Departamento de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología Económica, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. azara@eucmax.sim.ucm.es
Nature
|June 3, 1999
Resumen
Los fósiles del yacimiento español de Sima de los Huesos revelan homínidos antiguos, antepasados de los neandertales, con una pelvis primitiva. Su tamaño cerebral más pequeño sugiere un camino evolutivo distinto de los humanos modernos y los neandertales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
- Arqueología Prehistórica Arqueología Prehistórica
Sus antecedentes:
- El yacimiento de Sima de los Huesos en España contiene más de 2.500 fósiles de al menos 33 individuos homínidos.
- Los fósiles datan de hace más de 200.000 años y se consideran antepasados de los neandertales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la morfología de una pelvis masculina casi completa (Pelvis 1) y femora asociada de Sima de los Huesos.
- Para comparar las características pélvicas y craneales de estos homínidos del Pleistoceno Medio con los neandertales y los humanos modernos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis morfológico de la pelvis 1 y el fémur asociado.
- Estimación de la masa corporal basada en la morfología pélvica y femoral.
- Cálculo de los coeficientes de encefalización utilizando las capacidades craneales.
Principales resultados:
- La pelvis 1 exhibe una estructura robusta y amplia con un largo ramus púbico superior y una llamarada ilíaca marcada, lo que sugiere una forma pélvica primitiva.
- El canal pélvico es lo suficientemente grande para un recién nacido humano moderno, lo que indica el potencial para una descendencia de gran tamaño.
- La masa corporal estimada para el individuo es de 95 kg o más.
- Los coeficientes de encefalización son significativamente más bajos que los de los neandertales y los humanos modernos.
Conclusiones:
- La morfología pélvica representa una condición primitiva, anterior a la divergencia de los humanos modernos y los neandertales.
- Los homínidos de Sima de los Huesos poseían un mosaico de rasgos primitivos y derivados, ofreciendo una visión de la evolución humana temprana.
- Su menor capacidad craneal sugiere una trayectoria evolutiva diferente en comparación con los homínidos posteriores.
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