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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called ions.
Polyprotic Acids03:38

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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Ion Exchange01:17

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Transport Number01:31

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The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Ajuste de la torsión de las dos capas usando counteriones quirales.

R Oda1, I Huc, M Schmutz

  • 1Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Talence, France. reiko.oda@iecb-polytechnique.u-bordeaux.fr

Nature
|June 22, 1999
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron estructuras supramoleculares quirales sintonizables utilizando surfactantes gemini y contadores quirales. Este avance permite un control continuo sobre la torsión y el tono en cintas a escala micrométrica, lo que podría ayudar a la cristalización macromolecular.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química supramolecular de las moléculas.
  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La quiralidad es fundamental en las estructuras biológicas, desde moléculas hasta ensamblajes macroscópicos.
  • Controlar la quiralidad supramolecular de la quiralidad molecular es un desafío, que a menudo conduce a la separación de fase.
  • Las moléculas anfifílicas se autoensamblan en mesofasas quirales, pero la predicción y el control cuantitativos siguen siendo difíciles.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Describir experimentalmente y teóricamente un sistema para la quiralidad supramolecular sintonizable.
  • Para lograr una variación continua y controlable de la quiralidad en estructuras a escala micrométrica.
  • Explorar el potencial de estas estructuras quirales como plantillas para la cristalización macromolecular.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó surfactantes gemini, que son dos moléculas de surfactante unidas en sus grupos de cabeza.
  • Investigó el autoensamblaje de surfactantes gemini en estructuras de cinta retorcida compuestas de bicapas.
  • Varió la proporción de contrarios quirales de manos opuestas para ajustar las propiedades helicoidales de las cintas.

Principales resultados:

  • Observó la formación de cintas retorcidas de las dos capas de surfactante gemini.
  • Se demostró que el grado de torsión y la inclinación de las cintas se pueden ajustar continuamente.
  • Demostró la influencia de los contrarios quirales en la expresión de la quiralidad supramolecular.

Conclusiones:

  • Desarrolló un sistema novedoso para la quiralidad supramolecular controlable utilizando surfactantes gemini y counteriones quirales.
  • La capacidad de ajustar las estructuras helicoidales ofrece aplicaciones potenciales, como la creación de plantillas para la cristalización helicoidal.
  • Este trabajo avanza en la comprensión y el control de la transferencia de quiralidad desde escalas moleculares a supramoleculares.