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Autismo y vacuna contra el sarampión, las paperas y la rubéola: no hay evidencia epidemiológica de una asociación

B Taylor¹, E Miller, C P Farrington

¹Department of Community Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)

|June 22, 1999

Resumen

Este estudio no encontró evidencia de que la vacuna contra el sarampión, las paperas y la rubéola (MMR) cause autismo. La investigación epidemiológica a gran escala no reveló ningún aumento del riesgo o asociación temporal entre la vacunación MMR y los diagnósticos de autismo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Vacunología Vacunología.
Pediatría del desarrollo Pediatría del desarrollo.

Sus antecedentes:

Investigó un posible vínculo causal entre la vacuna contra el sarampión, las paperas y la rubéola (MMR) y el autismo.
Abordó las preocupaciones de salud pública con respecto a la seguridad de las vacunas y los trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar si existe una asociación entre la vacunación MMR y la incidencia o el diagnóstico de autismo.
Analizar las tendencias en los diagnósticos de autismo tras la introducción de la vacuna MMR en el Reino Unido.

Principales métodos:

Estudio epidemiológico de 498 niños con autismo en North Thames, Reino Unido.
Registros clínicos vinculados con datos de inmunización para evaluar el estado y el calendario de vacunación.
Se utilizaron métodos de series de casos para investigar el agrupamiento temporal de la aparición del autismo después de la vacunación MMR.

Principales resultados:

No se observó ningún cambio en la tendencia de la incidencia del autismo después de la introducción de la vacuna MMR en 1988.
No hay diferencia en la edad en el momento del diagnóstico para los niños vacunados antes o después de los 18 meses, o no vacunados.
No se encontró asociación temporal entre la vacunación MMR y el inicio del autismo, la regresión del desarrollo o la preocupación de los padres.

Conclusiones:

Los hallazgos del estudio no apoyan una asociación causal entre la vacuna MMR y el autismo.
Cualquier asociación potencial, si existe, es extremadamente rara y no detectable en esta gran muestra.

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