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Incidencia de queratitis microbiana asociada a las lentes de contacto y su morbilidad relacionada
K H Cheng1, S L Leung, H W Hoekman
1Rotterdam Eye Hospital, The Netherlands.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 27, 1999
Resumen
La incidencia de queratitis microbiana es más alta con las lentes de contacto blandas de uso prolongado. Debe evitarse el uso nocturno de lentes de contacto debido a los riesgos significativos de infecciones oculares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oftalmología Oftalmología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Microbiología Microbiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La incidencia y la morbilidad de la queratitis microbiana asociada a las lentes de contacto siguen siendo inciertas en la población general que usa lentes de contacto.
- Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar estos aspectos epidemiológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la incidencia de queratitis microbiana en relación con los diferentes tipos de uso de lentes de contacto.
- Para evaluar la morbilidad ocular asociada con la queratitis microbiana.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo e informar las recomendaciones de salud pública.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio epidemiológico prospectivo se llevó a cabo en los Países Bajos.
- Los oftalmólogos fueron encuestados para identificar nuevos casos de queratitis microbiana durante un período de 3 meses.
- Encuestas anuales a nivel nacional estimaron la prevalencia del uso de lentes de contacto entre 1994 y 1997.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 92 casos de queratitis microbiana.
- Las tasas de incidencia por cada 10.000 usuarios: 1,1 (diario rígido gas permeable), 3,5 (diario suave), y 20,0 (extendido al desgaste suave).
- Los usuarios de lentes blandas de uso prolongado tuvieron una incidencia significativamente mayor (p<0.00001). La queratitis de Pseudomonas condujo a resultados visuales más pobres.
Conclusiones:
- La incidencia de queratitis microbiana con lentes blandos de uso prolongado es comparable a los datos anteriores de los Estados Unidos.
- A pesar de los avances, las mejoras en el material de las lentes de contacto no han reducido la incidencia.
- Se recomienda desalentar fuertemente el uso nocturno de lentes de contacto.
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