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El litótropo desaparecido fue identificado como un nuevo planctomiceto.

M Strous¹, J A Fuerst, E H Kramer

¹Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.

|August 10, 1999

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron una nueva bacteria responsable de la oxidación anaeróbica del amoníaco (anammox), un proceso clave de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Este hallazgo aborda el desafío de larga data de los microorganismos no cultivables en la ciencia ambiental.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología ambiental microbiología ambiental.
Tecnologías de tratamiento de aguas residuales.
Biotecnología La biotecnología es la biotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

El aumento del uso de fertilizantes agrícolas conduce a importantes emisiones de amoníaco, causando problemas ambientales en las regiones pobladas.
La oxidación anaeróbica del amoníaco (anammox) es un innovador proceso de tratamiento de aguas residuales que convierte el amoníaco y el nitrito en gas de nitrógeno.
Las bacterias que realizan la oxidación anaeróbica del amoníaco no se habían descubierto previamente, llamadas "lithotrophs que faltan en la naturaleza".

Objetivo del estudio:

Informar sobre el descubrimiento e identificación de la bacteria responsable de la oxidación anaeróbica del amoníaco.
Para caracterizar este microorganismo recién identificado y sus propiedades biológicas únicas.

Principales métodos:

Aislamiento e identificación de una nueva bacteria de las aguas residuales.
El análisis filogenético coloca la bacteria dentro del orden de los Planctomycetales.
Observación de las lentas tasas de crecimiento y desafíos en el cultivo convencional.

Principales resultados:

Descubrimiento de una nueva bacteria autótrofa perteneciente al orden de los Planctomycetales.
Identificación de esta bacteria como el agente causante de la oxidación anaeróbica del amoníaco.
Confirmación de un crecimiento extremadamente lento (tiempo de duplicación de 14 días) y resistencia al cultivo convencional.

Conclusiones:

La identificación de este planctomiceto previamente desconocido resuelve el misterio de los "litotróficos desaparecidos".
Este descubrimiento es una contribución significativa a la comprensión de las bacterias no cultivables y el avance en el tratamiento de aguas residuales.
Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la biorremediación y el campo más amplio de la ecología microbiana.