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Formación de metano abiogénico y fraccionamiento isotópico bajo condiciones hidrotermales
1Chemical and Analytical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 14, 1999
Resumen
La formación de metano abiogénico es catalizada por aleaciones de níquel y hierro en condiciones hidrotermales. Este proceso produce metano (CH4) con firmas isotópicas similares al metano microbiano, lo que sugiere que puede existir metano abiogénico generalizado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
- La mineralogía es la Mineralogía.
Sus antecedentes:
- El metano (CH4) de potencial origen abiogénico se encuentra cada vez más en la corteza terrestre.
- Los mecanismos y la fraccionamiento isotópico de la formación de metano abiogénico siguen siendo poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el papel catalítico de las aleaciones hidrotermales de níquel y hierro en la formación de metano abiogénico.
- Para analizar el fraccionamiento isotópico durante esta síntesis abiogénica de metano.
Principales métodos:
- Simulación experimental de las condiciones hidrotermales utilizando un catalizador de aleación de níquel y hierro.
- Reacción del bicarbonato disuelto (HCO3-) con el catalizador para formar metano (CH4).
- Análisis isotópico (delta) del metano producido y los hidrocarburos relacionados.
Principales resultados:
- La aleación de níquel y hierro catalizó efectivamente la formación de metano abiogénico (CH4) a partir de bicarbonato (HCO3-) bajo condiciones hidrotermales.
- La fraccionamiento isotópico dio lugar a bajos valores de delta (((13) C para CH4, comparables al metano microbiano.
- Se observaron altas proporciones de CH4 / ((C2H6 + C3H8), imitando la producción biológica.
Conclusiones:
- Las aleaciones hidrotermales de níquel y hierro pueden catalizar la formación de metano abiogénico con firmas isotópicas biológicamente relevantes.
- La prevalencia de aleaciones de níquel y hierro en la corteza oceánica sugiere una fuente significativa y previamente subestimada de metano abiogénico.
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