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Raza, género y asociación en la relación paciente-médico

L Cooper-Patrick¹, J J Gallo, J J Gonzales

¹Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. lcooper@welch.jhu.edu

|August 18, 1999

Resumen

La raza y el género del paciente impactan en las experiencias de atención médica. Los pacientes afroamericanos informaron de una toma de decisiones menos participativa, mientras que las relaciones concordantes con la raza mejoraron la participación y la satisfacción.

Área de la Ciencia:

Servicios de salud Servicios de salud Investigación Investigación.
Disparidades en la salud Disparidades en la salud
Comunicación paciente-médico Comunicación paciente-médico

Sus antecedentes:

Los estudios muestran que la raza y el género influyen en la prestación de atención médica.
Pocos estudios vinculan la calidad de la atención interpersonal con la demografía paciente/médico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar las asociaciones entre la raza/etnia y el género del paciente/médico con los estilos de toma de decisiones participativas (PDM) de los médicos.

Principales métodos:

Encuesta telefónica a 1816 adultos (18-65 años) utilizando una escala de 100 puntos para la DMP.
Encuesta realizada 1996-1998 en una organización urbana de cuidado administrado.
La muestra de médicos (n=64) incluyó hombres y mujeres blancos y afroamericanos.

Principales resultados:

Los pacientes afroamericanos informaron puntuaciones de PDM significativamente más bajas que los pacientes blancos (P = .03).
Las relaciones paciente-médico concordantes con la raza mostraron puntuaciones más altas de PDM (P = .02).
Los pacientes de mujeres médicas informaron de más visitas participativas (P=.03).

Conclusiones:

Los pacientes afroamericanos experimentan menos atención participativa en comparación con los pacientes blancos.
La concordancia racial en las relaciones paciente-médico mejora la toma de decisiones participativa.
Mejorar la comunicación intercultural y la diversidad de médicos puede aumentar la participación y la satisfacción del paciente.

Palabras clave:

Enfoque empírico El enfoque empírico.Relación profesional con el paciente Relación profesional con el paciente

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