Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 19, 2026
11:06
Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Published on: November 14, 2015
Un marcapasos de los ganglios basales formado por el núcleo subtalamico y el globus pallidus externo
1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, College of Medicine, Memphis 38163, USA. dplenz@codon.nih.gov
Nature
|August 24, 1999
Resumen
El núcleo subtalamico (STN) y el globo pálido externo (GPe) forman un sistema de retroalimentación que genera estallidos sincronizados. Esta actividad del marcapasos STN-GPe es crucial para la función de los ganglios basales y puede ser la base de trastornos del movimiento como la enfermedad de Parkinson.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- La neurociencia de sistemas es la neurociencia de sistemas.
- El control del motor es el control del motor.
Sus antecedentes:
- El núcleo subtalamico (STN) es vital para el control motor e implicado en los trastornos del movimiento.
- El estallido oscilatorio sincronizado en el STN y sus objetivos se correlaciona con el temblor en la enfermedad de Parkinson.
- El mecanismo subyacente de este estallido sincronizado sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para dilucidar el mecanismo del estallido oscilatorio sincronizado en los ganglios basales.
- Investigar las funciones del STN y del globus pallidus externo (GPe) en la generación de estallidos sincronizados.
- Para determinar si el sistema STN-GPe actúa como un marcapasos central.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron coculturas organtípicas maduras de corteza-estriado-STN-GPe.
- Se registraron descargas espontáneas de ráfagas oscilantes sincronizadas y sincronizadas a bajas frecuencias (0,4, 0,8, 1,8 Hz).
- Se realizaron lesiones palidales y corticales para evaluar su impacto en la ruptura.
Principales resultados:
- Las neuronas STN y GPe producen espontáneamente ráfagas oscilantes sincronizadas.
- Las lesiones palidales abolieron el estallido sincronizado.
- Las lesiones corticales favorecían el estallido de 0,8 Hz, y las ráfagas palidales eran necesarias para el reclutamiento de ráfagas STN.
Conclusiones:
- El STN y el GPe forman un sistema de retroalimentación capaz de hacer estallidos sincronizados.
- Este sistema STN-GPe funciona como un marcapasos central, modulado por la inhibición estriatal.
- El mecanismo pacemaker propuesto puede explicar la actividad oscilatoria sincronizada en los circuitos normales y patológicos de los ganglios basales.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:09Torsional Pendulum
A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played by the...
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played by the...
01:09Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
The axial skeleton of the adult...
01:11The Auditory Ossicles
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
01:16Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
01:10Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
01:06Physical Pendulum
When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it describes the mass...
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it describes the mass...