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Una nueva vía para la síntesis de policeturo en microorganismos.

N Funa¹, Y Ohnishi, I Fujii

¹Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.

|September 7, 1999

Resumen

El gen rppA de Streptomyces griseus codifica una proteína similar a las sintasas de chalcone de las plantas. Esta enzima bacteriana sintetiza polyketides, produciendo 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, crucial para la melanina y la producción de metabolito secundario.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Microbiología Microbiología.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

Las sintasas calcónicas (CHS) son enzimas clave de las plantas en la biosíntesis de flavonoides.
La función de los genes bacterianos similares al rppA, a pesar de la similitud de secuencia con los CHS, se mantuvo sin caracterizar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la función y las propiedades catalíticas del producto del gen rppA de Streptomyces griseus.
Para determinar si las enzimas bacterianas poseen actividad similar a la chalcona sintasa.

Principales métodos:

La clonación de genes y la expresión de proteínas de rppA.
Ensayos enzimáticos que utilizan la malonil-coenzima-A como molécula de inicio.
Mutagénesis dirigida al sitio para identificar residuos esenciales del sitio activo.
Disrupción genética en Streptomyces griseus para evaluar la función in vivo.

Principales resultados:

La proteína RppA de Streptomyces griseus funciona como un homodímero, catalizando la síntesis de policetida.
RppA utiliza la malonil-coenzima-A, realiza cuatro extensiones y produce 1,3,6,8-tetrahidroxinaftaleno (THN).
Un residuo de cisteína es esencial para la actividad de la RppA; la interrupción de la rppA conduce a Streptomyces griseus albino (deficiente en melanina).
El THN es un intermediario en la biosíntesis de la melanina y otros metabolitos secundarios que contienen naftokinona.

Conclusiones:

RppA es una enzima bacteriana relacionada con la chalcone-sintasa responsable de la síntesis de policetida.
Este hallazgo amplía la distribución conocida de enzimas similares al CHS más allá de las plantas.
La RppA juega un papel vital en la biosíntesis de las melaninas y otros metabolitos secundarios en Streptomyces.