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Profesialidad de la enseñanza en la educación médica de pregrado
JAMA
|September 9, 1999
Resumen
La mayoría de las escuelas de medicina de EE.UU. enseñan profesionalidad, pero los métodos varían ampliamente. Los planes de estudio a menudo carecen de estrategias de evaluación adecuadas para los comportamientos profesionales, lo que indica la necesidad de mejorar los enfoques educativos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación médica y educación médica.
- Profesionalidad en la medicina.
- Desarrollo Curricular Desarrollo Curricular
Sus antecedentes:
- Un creciente consenso hace hincapié en experiencias de aprendizaje explícitas en el profesionalismo para el desarrollo de los estudiantes de medicina.
- Se espera cada vez más que las escuelas de medicina integren el profesionalismo en sus planes de estudio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el alcance y los métodos de la educación profesional en las escuelas de medicina de los Estados Unidos.
- Evaluar cómo se enseña la profesionalidad durante el año académico 1998-1999.
Principales métodos:
- Una encuesta en dos etapas se administró a 125 escuelas de medicina de los Estados Unidos en 1998.
- 116 escuelas (92,3%) respondieron a la encuesta inicial.
- Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de los materiales curriculares de 41 escuelas.
Principales resultados:
- 104 escuelas (89.7%) reportaron instrucción formal en profesionalidad.
- Menos escuelas emplearon métodos explícitos para evaluar los comportamientos profesionales (55,2%) o el desarrollo de la facultad (33,6%).
- Las estrategias de enseñanza iban desde eventos de orientación aislados hasta cursos integrados de varios años.
Conclusiones:
- La enseñanza de la profesionalidad en la educación médica de pregrado es muy variable.
- Si bien la mayoría de las escuelas abordan el profesionalismo, las estrategias actuales pueden ser insuficientes.
- Existe la necesidad de mejorar la adecuación y la coherencia de la educación para el profesionalismo.
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