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Aumento de la radiación UV durante el verano en Nueva Zelanda en respuesta a la pérdida de ozono
R McKenzie1, B Connor, G Bodeker
1National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, NIWA Lauder, PB 50061 Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand. r.mckenzie@niwa.cri.nz
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 11, 1999
Resumen
El agotamiento de la capa de ozono en Nueva Zelanda ha causado un aumento significativo de la radiación ultravioleta (UV) dañina. Este aumento en la radiación UV plantea riesgos para la salud humana y los ecosistemas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la atmósfera ciencia atmosférica.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Investigación de la capa de ozono.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los niveles de ozono durante el verano sobre Lauder, Nueva Zelanda (45°S) han mostrado disminuciones a largo plazo.
- Los niveles de radiación ultravioleta (UV) de referencia en esta región ya son relativamente altos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto de la disminución de las concentraciones de ozono en la intensidad de la radiación UV.
- Para cuantificar los cambios en los diferentes tipos de radiación UV.
- Para proporcionar evidencia de los aumentos inducidos por el hombre en la radiación UV.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de ozono a largo plazo para Lauder, Nueva Zelanda.
- Medición y comparación de las intensidades máximas de radiación UV durante una década.
- Diferenciación entre la radiación UV-B (quema de sol, daño al ADN, daño a las plantas) y la radiación UV-A.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron aumentos significativos en las intensidades máximas de radiación UV.
- La radiación UV de las quemaduras solares en 1998-99 fue aproximadamente un 12% más alta que a principios de la década de 1990.
- Las radiaciones UV que dañan el ADN y las que dañan las plantas mostraron mayores aumentos, mientras que la radiación UV-A se mantuvo sin cambios.
Conclusiones:
- Los aumentos observados en la radiación UV están fuertemente relacionados con el agotamiento de la capa de ozono inducido por el hombre.
- Los hallazgos destacan las consecuencias ambientales de los cambios en la capa de ozono en el hemisferio sur.
- Los niveles elevados de radiación UV representan un riesgo significativo para los sistemas biológicos de la región.
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