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Hospitalizaciones asociadas a bronquiolitis entre niños estadounidenses, 1980-1996
D K Shay1, R C Holman, R D Newman
1Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dks4@cdc.gov
JAMA
|October 27, 1999
Resumen
Las hospitalizaciones por bronquiolitis en niños pequeños aumentaron significativamente de 1980 a 1996. El virus respiratorio sincitial (VSR) probablemente causó más de 50.000 hospitalizaciones infantiles al año, superando las estimaciones anteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) es una de las principales causas de infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior en niños pequeños, particularmente bronquiolitis.
- Las estimaciones nacionales existentes de hospitalizaciones relacionadas con el RSV son limitadas, lo que requiere datos actualizados debido a los avances en la profilaxis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar las tasas de hospitalizaciones asociadas a bronquiolitis en niños menores de 5 años.
- Para estimar el número de hospitalizaciones actuales atribuibles a la infección por RSV.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de la Encuesta de alta hospitalaria nacional de los Estados Unidos de 1980 a 1996.
- Centrarse en los niños menores de 5 años hospitalizados por bronquiolitis en hospitales no federales de corta estancia.
- Cálculo de las tasas de hospitalización por edad y año.
Principales resultados:
- Se estima que 1,65 millones de hospitalizaciones por bronquiolitis se produjeron en niños menores de 5 años a lo largo de 17 años.
- Las tasas de hospitalización para bebés (<1 año) con bronquiolitis aumentaron 2,4 veces entre 1980 y 1996.
- Se estimó que el RSV estaba asociado con 51.240 a 81.985 hospitalizaciones anuales de bebés por bronquiolitis durante 1994-1996.
Conclusiones:
- Las tasas de hospitalización infantil por bronquiolitis aumentaron sustancialmente entre 1980 y 1996.
- La proporción de hospitalizaciones respiratorias relacionadas con bronquiolitis también aumentó significativamente.
- Las hospitalizaciones infantiles asociadas con el RSV por bronquiolitis pueden ser más altas de lo estimado previamente para la bronquiolitis y la neumonía combinadas por el RSV.
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